Timestamps
uUse can limit exposure to variety of different attacks. 
ØIf predefined amount of time has passed between creation of web service call and its receipt, something malicious may have occurred.
ØIf the original message contained a timestamp, the next time that the message was transmitted it would most likely be expired and rejected. 
ØWeb service could also log the timestamp of each request to prevent any requests with the same timestamp for a particular user. 
uAdditional overhead of requiring both sender and receiver to synchronize clocks in order to limit incorrect rejections. 
ØHindrance has been lessened in recent years as more and more systems automatically synchronize their clocks to centralized servers.